GREAT FALLS, Mont. — Gilbert Horn Sr., a Native American code talker who returned from World War II to spend decades serving the Fort Belknap Assiniboine Tribe as a judge and council member, has died of natural causes. He was 92.
Horn died Sunday at Northern Montana Care Center in Havre, Kirkwood Funeral Home said. His memorial service was scheduled Wednesday.
Horn was born on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in 1923. He joined the U.S. National Guard at age 15 as a way to escape the poverty of the reservation. He enlisted in the Army at 17 after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.
Horn was initially trained as a sharpshooter and later received some training in communications and encryption and joined other Indians who used their native languages to send coded messages during World War II. The work of the code talkers remained classified until 1968.
Horn volunteered for service as a member of Merrill’s Marauders, a special operations unit of 2,750 men whose mission was to cut Japanese communications and supply lines in the Burmese jungle, the Great Falls Tribune reported.
“It was a fighting unit, ready for action any time,” Horn told the Tribune during an interview for a story published in January 2014. “I wanted to go see the war. I didn’t want to be in Montana all my life. I wanted to see what’s across that big waters called the oceans.”
The unit made an 800-mile trek over the Himalaya Mountains into the jungle with only the weapons and supplies they could carry on the 720 mules and horses they brought with them. The Marauders fought through monsoon season. Troops suffered from malaria, dysentery and typhus. Horn was wounded four times.
“There was no support. We didn’t have any artillery. They just kept on knocking us down, whittling us down,” he said in 2014. “It is hard to believe what we had to go through.”
Horn — one of 1,200 soldiers who survived the Marauders’ campaign — was awarded a Purple Heart. Each soldier also received a Bronze Star.
Despite his military heroics, when Horn returned to the reservation in June 1945, he said he was “treated like dirt.”
Veterans were supposed to be given preferential treatment when applying for certain jobs and qualify for low-interest federal housing loans, but he said that almost never happened.
He worked on his grandparents’ farm and received schooling in business management, psychology and legal work.
Horn served on the Assiniboine Treaty Committee for 68 years. He was a member of the Fort Belknap Community Council for 19 years and was a tribal judge for eight years, during which time he wrote the first regulations for the tribe’s juvenile court. He was a member of the health board that lobbied for a new clinic and also helped get the Head Start program established on the reservation. One of its buildings was named after Horn, whose Indian name is “Shunk Ta Oba Kni,” or “Returns With Prisoner Horse.”
In 2013, he received an honorary doctorate in humanitarian services from Montana State University-Northern. In May 2014, he was named the chief of the Fort Belknap Assiniboine Tribe, the first tribal chief in more than 125 years.
Horn is survived by 10 of his 11 children, 37 grandchildren, 71 great-grandchildren and 18 great-great-grandchildren.
rest in peace you are a hero that made our country different even when they treated you as a second rate citizen! This is what true heroes and love of a country is! Even if your feet hurt you still go fight for your country !!
ReplyDeleteit is a good thing when they were taking the children and babies away from Native Americans and putting them in orphanages and boarding schools that they retain their language. It was especially important considering if you were caught speaking your language in any scenario you would be severely punished most likely beaten! Many of the little baby children and many of the children feared for their lives and forgot their language as years and years went bye. They said and called it assimilation but it was torture and abuse!Across this country it was reported because they didn’t want you to be able to speak your language because when you went home and you couldn’t speak their language your elders could no longer teach you your history which had been how history shared thousands of years! They did a pretty good job of beating it out of the kids but there are some who can never be broken this man was one of them!! Thank you sir !! My grandfather was one of the last speakers and my great grandfather was one of the last medicine man of my tribe in Oregon. I grandfather never forgot our language but he never tried to teach it to us because of what had happened to him. In the end he did share it and they wrote a book of it. When you want to take away certain things from cultures it is not right if it’s not hurting anyone .In the end even though this man was considered a second or third class citizen with a few rights in the United States he fight for his country! I’m sure he could’ve said he had bone spurs but he didn’t and he helped us win the war one of the reasons that we won was because of code talkers because the Chinese could break any code that we put out there because that’s how smart they are !!!Thank you to all the code talkers.
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